Which subskills contribute to fluent reading?

Fluent reading is a complex skill that involves the integration of several subskills, each playing a crucial role in the overall reading ability. One of the primary contributors to fluent reading is phonics knowledge, which provides readers with the ability to decode words accurately and efficiently. This understanding of the relationship between letters and sounds allows readers to read text smoothly without frequent pauses.

Additionally, vocabulary understanding significantly enhances reading fluency. A robust vocabulary allows readers to quickly recognize words and comprehend their meanings, thus enabling them to read with greater speed and accuracy. When readers grasp the meanings of words, they can focus more on the flow of the text rather than getting bogged down by unfamiliar terms.

Listening skills also contribute to fluent reading, although in a more indirect manner. They help develop an understanding of language structure and rhythm, which are essential for reading fluency. Good listening skills allow readers to internalize the sounds and intonations of spoken language, which can carry over to how they read aloud.

Given that all of these subskills—phonics knowledge, vocabulary understanding, and listening skills—interact and support each other in developing fluent reading abilities, the answer is that all of these components collectively contribute to fluent reading.